in the opening blessing (1:4); so this first possibility should not be dismissed out of hand; it would parallel the statement at Col. 1:16. Secondly, taking into account the way the same verb is used at 2:15, where Christ ‘created’ one new person in himself, the moment of creation referred to might be the historic event of the cross and resurrection: ‘in Christ’ would then be emphatic, meaning incorporation into Christ as the representative of the new humanity, in Paul’s term, the last Adam. The
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